Oberst
Hermann Graf was born on 24 October 1912 at Engen in Baden.
As the son of a blacksmith, his modest family origins and poor academic
achievements barred access to a military career. He completed an apprenticeship
as a locksmith but dropped the trade and took a clerical post at the local
municipal offices. He remained in the job until the outbreak of the war.
Graf had taken up gliding in 1932, and by 1936 had also qualified as a
pilot of powered aircraft. He was also an enthusiastic soccer player. In
1935, Graf applied for flight training with the Luftwaffe. On 2 June 1936,
he joined the Fliegerführerschule at Karlsruhe to begin his basic flying
training, graduating on 25 September 1936. Graf completed advanced flying
training on 31 May 1938. Despite being selected to undergo multi-engine
flying training, Graf succeeded in being posted to 2./JG 51, a fighter
unit equipped with the Bf 109 E-1, with the rank of Unteroffizier on 31
May 1939. On the outbreak of World War 2, Graf was promoted to the rank
of Feldwebel. He flew 21 frontier patrols over the Franco-German border
without firing his guns in anger. On 20 January 1940, Graf was transferred
as an instructor to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg. He was promoted to
the rank of Leutnant on 1 May. Graf was transferred to JG 52 on 6 October
1940 based at Berlin-Schönwalde. Leutnant Graf was assigned to 9./JG 52.
On 14 October, Graf relocated to Rumania with the unit and instructed Rumanian
pilots under the auspicies of the German military mission. During this
period 9./JG 52 was redesignated 3./JG 28 but was reinstated as 9./JG 52
in late December. In late May 1941, a detachment of III./JG 52 was transferred
to Greece to support the invasion of Crete. Graf flew many ground-attck
missions over the island. By early June, the detachment had relocated back
to Rumania. On 1 August 1941, Graf accompanied 9./JG 52 to the Ukrainian
airfield of Biyala Tserkov. On 4 August, he recorded his first victory
when he shot down a Russian I-16 fighter during an escort mission for German
Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers against Kiev. On 27 September, his Bf 109 was
damaged by return fire from the Russian DB-3 twin-engine bomber he was
attacking. Graf managed to bring his damaged aircraft back across the front
line and a safe landing. In October, Graf claimed 12 victories, including
two Russian fighters shot down on 3 October to record his ninth and 10th
victories. In December he again claimed 12 victories, including three enemy
aircraft shot down on 6 December (32-34), a further three shot down on
8 December (35-37) and four on 27 December (38-41). Graf was awarded the
Ritterkreuz on 24 January after reaching 45 victories. On 23 March 1942,
following his 50th victory, Graf was appointed Staffelkapitän of 9./JG
52. His leadership fostered emerging fighter pilots such as Alfred
Grislawski (133 victories, RK-EL), Ernst Süss (68 victories, RK, killed
in action 20 December 1943),
Leopold Steinbatz
(99 victories, RK-S, killed in action 15 June 1942) and Heinrich Füllgrabe
(67 victories, RK, killed in action 30 January 1945). Graf, began an incredible
run of success when, in three weeks, commencing the last week of April,
he shot down 48 Russian aircraft. On 30 April, he claimed six victories
(64-69), seven on 2 May (70-76), seven on 8 May (79-86), six on 13 May
(91-96) and eight on 14 May (97-104). On 17 May 1942, Graf was awarded
the Eichenlaub for reaching 104 victories. He was seventh Luftwaffe fighter
pilot to achieve 100 victories. The Schwerten (Nr 11) followed two days
later, on 19 May 1942, for reaching 106 victories. Graf continued his amazing
success during the battles over and around Stalingrad. He claimed 32 victories
in August, including four enemy aircraft shot down on 13 August (112-115),
five Russian fighters shot down on 14 August (116-120) and a further four
Russian fighters shot down on 23 August (130-133). Graf claimed an incredible
62 victories in September, including four on 2 September (141-145), another
four on 3 September (146-149), four on 21 September (182-185) and 10 on
23 September (188-197). On 26 September he shot down three enemy aircraft
to become the first fighter pilot credited with 200 victories. On 16 September
1942, Oberleutnant Graf was awarded the Brillanten: only the fifth recipient.
After achieving his 200th victory he was ordered not to fly operationally.
During this period, Graf had had his fair share of close shaves. On 15
September 1942, he had received a cannon hit in the cockpit, on 16 September,
he had received 30 hits to his aircraft and on 19 September, his aircraft
received hits from ground fire in the wings and, later that day, had half
of his rudder shot away. Graf was much feted by the Nazi media. His “star
status” was enhanced by his appearances in goal for “die Roten Jäger” or
Red Hunters, a Luftwaffe soccer team, which was effectively the German
national soccer squad. In the first half of 1943, Graf commanded Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe
Ost, an advanced fighter pilots’ training school, based at Bordeaux in
France. On 21 July 1943, Jagdgruppe Süd der ObdL was formed as a high altitude
fighter unit to combat RAF Mosquito twin-engine reconnaisance aircraft.
On 15 August 1943, the unit was redesignated JG 50. Major Graf was tasked
with leading JG 50, a role he performed until the unit was disbanded in
October 1943 and absorbed into I./JG 301. Graf was to claim three victories
while serving with this unit, including two USAAF B-17 four-engine bombers
shot down on 6 September (204-205). Oberst Graf was appointed Kommodore
of JG 11 on 11 November 1943. Over the next four months he would be credited
with six victories on Reichsverteidigung operations despite being forbidden
to take part in combat missions. On 29 March 1944, Graf downed one USAAF
P-51 Mustang and rammed another. Wounded, he was forced to bale out of
his stricken Bf 109 G-6 (W.Nr. 26 020) “< +”. On 1 October 1944, Oberst
Graf was appointed Kommodore of JG 52 based on the Eastern front. He led
the unit in a constant retreat through East Prussia, Silesia and Böhmen.
He surrendered to American forces at Pisek on 8 May 1945. The Americans,
however, promptly handed Graf to Russians. Graf was incarcerated by the
Soviets, finally being released on 25 December 1949. Graf was to be heavily
criticised by his peers for collaborating with his captors during his five
years of imprisonment. Graf became a salesman for an electronics manufacturer
and rose to become a Branch Manager in Baden and later Head of Sales. He
took up flying becoming a member of the Swiss Aeroclub. From 1965, Graf
was afflicted with Parkinson’s disease and he died on 4 November 1988 in
his hometown of Engen.
Herman Graf is credited with 212 victories in over
830 missions. He recorded 202 victories over the Eastern
Front. Of his 10 victories recorded over the Western
front, six were four-engine bombers.
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4.8.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km SSE Kiev |
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5.8.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 3km S Kiev |
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11.8.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 2km E Kanev |
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30.8.1941
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DB-3 | 9./JG 52 | 60km NE Dnepropetrovsk |
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6.9.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 25-30km E Kremenchug |
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13.9.1941
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 15km NW Perekop |
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24.9.1941
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DB-3 | 9./JG 52 | Balakliya |
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27.9.1941
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DB-3 | 9./JG 52 | 50km W Kharkov |
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3.10.1941
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Kharkov |
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3.10.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | E Kharkov |
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11.10.1941
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SB-2 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Lozovaya |
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11.10.1941
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 20km E Lozovaya |
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14.10.1941
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 10km N Valki |
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14.10.1941
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 15km N Valki |
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24.10.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Boysovka |
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24.10.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Boysovka |
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25.10.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Aibary / Yak-1 of 32IAP, VVS-ChF flown by Michail Avdevyev (17 victories), damaged |
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27.10.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 10km S Yushno |
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28.10.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | SE Aibary |
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28.10.1941
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R-5 | 9./JG 52 | SE Aibary |
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1.11.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | N Sevastopol |
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8.11.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | S Rostov |
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9.11.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Shakhty |
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11.11.1941
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | N Rovenkiy |
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17.11.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Rostov |
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20.11.1941
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Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | 20km NE Agrafenovka |
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23.11.1941
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | S Rostov |
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29.11.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km NNE Rostov |
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29.11.1941
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DB-3 | 9./JG 52 | ENE Rostov |
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29.11.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | S Bataysk |
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2.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 20km S Taganrog |
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6.12.1941
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | E Lysogorskaya |
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6.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | W Azov |
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6.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | E Azov |
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8.12.1941
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I-5 | 9./JG 52 | 20km E Taganrog |
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8.12.1941
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I-5 | 9./JG 52 | 25km E Taganrog |
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8.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | SW Rabovka |
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27.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 30km E Taganrog |
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27.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Asov |
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27.12.1941
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | NE Golodayevka |
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27.12.1941
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SB-2 | 9./JG 52 | NE Golodayevka |
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28.12.1941
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 20km SW Taganrog |
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7.1.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Sansnoye |
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7.1.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Novaya Slobodka |
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8.1.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | E Prilepiy |
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25.1.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Izyum |
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3.2.1942
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Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | Nuvo |
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23.3.1943
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 8km SE Gniliza |
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23.3.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 3km SE Burluk |
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23.3.1942
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Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | E Kotovka |
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25.3.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 15km E Staryy Saltov |
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27.3.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 15km E Volchansk |
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27.3.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 10km NE Burluk |
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28.3.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 3km W Burluk |
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28.3.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 3km W Kotovka |
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28.3.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 5km E Staryy Saltov |
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28.3.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Gniliza |
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30.3.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 15km W Burluk |
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6.4.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 2km NE Staryy Saltov |
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6.4.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 10km E Staryy Saltov |
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29.4.1942
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Yak-1? | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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29.4.1942
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Yak-1? | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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29.4.1942
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Yak-1? | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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30.4.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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2.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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3.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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5.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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8.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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8.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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8.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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8.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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8.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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8.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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8.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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9.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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9.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Crimea |
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11.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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11.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kerch Peninsula |
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12.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Zürichtal-Kharkov-Rogan |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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13.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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14.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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14.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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14.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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14.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Staryy Saltov-Kotovka |
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14.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Staryy Saltov-Kotovka |
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14.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Staryy Saltov-Kotovka |
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14.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Staryy Saltov-Kotovka |
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14.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | Staryy Saltov-Kotovka |
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15.5.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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20.5.1942
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Pe-3 | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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21.5.1942
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MiG-3 | 9./JG 52 | - |
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23.5.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov area |
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30.6.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov-Rogan |
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30.6.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov-Rogan |
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30.6.1942
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E/a | 9./JG 52 | Kharkov-Rogan |
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3.8.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 06 67? |
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5.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 06 760 |
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12.8.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 86 754 |
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13.8.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 85 123 |
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14.8.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 95 112 |
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14.8.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 95 113 |
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14.8.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 85 263 |
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14.8.1942
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Hurricane | 9./JG 52 | 85 224 |
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14.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 85 241 |
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15.8.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 95 174 |
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16.8.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 85 314 |
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17.8.1942
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 85 423 |
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17.8.1942
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 85 433 |
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17.8.1942
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 95 581 |
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18.8.1942
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I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 85 253 |
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18.8.1942
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R-5 | 9./JG 52 | 85 494 |
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22.8.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 30 892 |
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22.8.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 154 |
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23.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 413 |
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23.8.1942
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I-180 | 9./JG 52 | 49 194 |
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23.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 271 |
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23.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 194 |
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24.8.1942
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I-180 | 9./JG 52 | 49 421 |
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24.8.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 243 |
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25.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 412 |
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25.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 412 |
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29.8.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 59 173 |
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30.8.1942
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P-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 613 |
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30.8.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 361 |
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2.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 49 362 |
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2.9.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 441 |
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2.9.1942
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DB-7 | 9./JG 52 | 59 143 |
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2.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 49 413 |
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2.9.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 361 |
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3.9.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 40 872 |
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3.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 852 |
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3.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 471 |
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3.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 234 |
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4.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 241 |
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5.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 46 881 |
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6.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 163 |
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6.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 124 |
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6.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 784 |
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8.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 192 |
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8.9.1942
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Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 194 |
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8.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 253 |
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9.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 412 |
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9.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 444 |
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9.9.1942
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LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 44 461 |
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10.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 444 / La-5 of 287 IAD, VVS |
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10.9.1942
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La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 444 / La-5 of 287 IAD, VVS |
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11.9.1942
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Pe-2 | 9./JG 52 | 40 781 / Pe-2 of 270 BAD, VVS |
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11.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 40 884 / P-40 of 731 IAP, VVS |
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12.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 49 412 |
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12.9.1942
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P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 49 161 |
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14.9.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 49 453 |
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14.9.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 49 420 |
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14.9.1942
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Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 411 |
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15.9.1942
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I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 49 423 |
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15.9.1942
|
|
I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 49 453 |
|
|
15.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 272 |
|
|
16.9.1942
|
|
Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 271 |
|
|
16.9.1942
|
|
P-40 | 9./JG 52 | 40 882 |
|
|
17.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 782 |
|
|
17.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 872 |
|
|
17.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 59 111 |
|
|
18.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 124 |
|
|
18.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 121 |
|
|
18.9.1942
|
|
Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 134 |
|
|
20.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 40 764 |
|
|
21.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 151 |
|
|
21.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 132 |
|
|
21.9.1942
|
|
Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 412 |
|
|
21.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 10 162 |
|
|
22.9.1942
|
|
I-16 | 9./JG 52 | 49 272 |
|
|
22.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 261 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 274 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Il-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 201 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 40 792 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 764 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 124 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | 49 138 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Su-2 | 9./JG 52 | 40 794 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 782 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 40 763 |
|
|
23.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 423 |
|
|
25.9.1942
|
|
La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 59 144 |
|
|
25.9.1942
|
|
La-5 | 9./JG 52 | 49 284 |
|
|
26.9.1942
|
|
I-153 | 9./JG 52 | 49 294 |
|
|
26.9.1942
|
|
LaGG-3 | 9./JG 52 | 49 211 |
|
|
26.9.1942
|
|
Yak-1 | 9./JG 52 | 49 451 |
|
|
??.6.1943
|
|
Mosquito | Stab/JG 50 | Groningen |
|
|
6.9.1943
|
|
B-17 | Stab/JG 50 | 15km NE Stuttgart |
|
|
6.9.1943
|
|
B-17 | Stab/JG 50 | S Schwarzwald |
|
|
1943-44
|
|
Viermot | Stab/JG 11 | - |
|
|
11.2.1944
|
|
B-17 | Stab/JG 11 | 5km S Celle |
|
|
24.2.1944
|
|
B-24 | Stab/JG 11 | Giessen area |
|
|
6.3.1944
|
|
B-24 HSS | Stab/JG 11 | - |
|
|
8.3.1944
|
|
P-51 | Stab/JG 11 | FA-FE |
|
|
29.3.1944
|
|
P-51 | Stab/JG 11 | N Hannover |
|
|
29.3.1944
|
|
P-51 | Stab/JG 11 | Schwarmstedt area / Rammed |
Victories : 212
Awards : Ehrenpokal (15 December 1941)
Deutsches Kreuz in Gold (April 1942)
Ritterkreuz (24 January 1942)
Eichenlaub (17 May 1942)
Schwertern (16 September 1942)
Brillanten (16 September 1942)
Units : JG 52, JG 50, JG 11
